Locomotive



lap. 26, 1937. .A. I. LIPETZ 5 7 LOCOMOTIVE Filed Nov. 5, 1933 5Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR H/p/mmse L/peiz A. I. LIPETZ Jan. 26, 1937.

LOCOMOT IVE Filed NOV. 5, 1933 5 Sheets-$119613? 0 v mm mm o INVENTOR I%d/ ?7w ATTOR EY llllliull ||1| Jan; 26, 1937. A. I. LIPETZ 2,063,751

LOCOMOTIVE Filed Nov. 5, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet. 3

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LOCOMOTIVE Filed NOY. 3, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG.9 r

INVENTOR fl/pbonse I L/pefz A ORNEY A. l. L] PETZ Jan. 26, 1937.

LOCOMOTIVE Filed Nov. 3, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 26, 1937PATENT OFFICE LOCOMOTIVE Alphonse I. Lipetz, Albany, N. Y.

Application November 3, 1933, Serial No. 696,457

2 Claims.

This invention relates to locomotives and particularly to a highpressure steam locomotive embodying certain new and improved features,designed and arranged for obtaining a maximum SJ'efiiciency in thegeneration and utilization of steam.

An object of the invention is to provide a multipressure steamlocomotive embodying improved means for generating high pressure steamand loolow pressure steam and for utilizing said steam in a cooperativemanner so as to obtain a maximum steam generation efficiency as well asa maximum working cylinder operating efiiciency.

A further object is to provide a locomotive emlu bodying improved meanssuch as aforedescribed,

wherein both products of combustion and exhaust high pressure steam areutilized in the generation of the low pressure steam.

A further object is to provide a locomotive em- 20i-bodying improvedmeans such as aforedescribed wherein the low pressure steam is utilizedboth for operating low pressure cylinders and for heating a highpressure cylinder.

A further object is to provide a locomotive em- -25;.5bodying animproved superheater construction and arrangement including asuperheater having a header disposed between a tubular high pressuresteam generator and a low pressure steam generator and tubes extendingfrom said header 3a.,and arranged both vertically and horizontally insuch manner as to attain a maximum thermal efiiciency.

A further object is to provide a construction and arrangement of thecharacter last described 35. wherein a part of the superheater tubesextends horizontally into the high pressure steam generator between thetubes thereof.

A further object is to provide an improved high pressure workingcylinder and valve chest coniozstruction embodying steam jacket housingmeans wherein superheated low pressure steam is utilized as a heatingjacket for the Working cylinder.

A further object is to provide a locomotive em- 45-;-bodying highpressure steam generating means and low pressure steam generating meanstogether with means for utilizing the high pressure steam both foroperating a high pressure Working cylinder and for heating the lowpressure steam Ogenerating means, and means for utilizing the lowpressure steam both for operating low pressure cylinders and for heatinga high pressure cylinder.

A further object is to provide a multi-pressure i 5 steam engineembodying a working cylinder operated by low pressure steam and aworking cylinder operated by high pressure steam with the last mentionedcylinder of the unifiow type.

A further object is to provide an engine of the character last describedwherein the low pressure working cylinder is of the counterflow type.

A further object is to provide a locomotive embodying improved means forpreheating air for its steam generator fire box by utilizing exhaustproducts of combustion from said fire box in afire tube heat exchangerarranged so as to afiord a maximum thermal eificiency.

Other objects of and advantages achieved by this invention will beapparent from the following detailed description.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein Figure1 is a side elevation of a locomotive embodying the present invention;Fig. 2 18 a side elevation of a locomotive embodying the presentinvention, showing a modified arrangement or" the high pressure cylinderconstruction and connected parts; Fig. 3 is a side view of thelocomotive shown in Fig. l, with certain parts broken away, or shown insection, and certain parts eliminated, showing the general arrangementand connections between various parts; Fig. 4 is an enlarged partialfront end view of the locomotive shown in Fig. 1 with certain partsremoved, the view being merely diagrammatical, the cylinders andcylinder saddle being merely indicated in outline; Fig. 5 is anenlarged, vertical. longitudinal section of the locomotive boiler of thepresent invention, certain parts being shown in elevation and certainparts being removed; Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line VI-VI ofFig. 5; Fig. 7 is a transverse section on the line VIIVII of Fig. 5;Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of the smoke box and air preheater partof the locomotive, on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 5; Fig. 9 is a view onan enlarged scale, at

the left side being a transverse section on the line IXIX of Fig. 5 andat the right side a transverse section on the line IX-IX' of Fig. 5;Fig. 10 is a view on an enlarged scale, at the left side being a halfrear end view of the structure shown in Fig. 5 and at the right side atransverse section on the line X-X of Fig. 5; Figs. 11 to 14 areenlarged views of the high pressure steam working cylinder and valvechest construction of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 11being a substantially horizontal section, the upper part, showing theworking cylinder, being on the line XI-XI of Fig. 12, and the lowerpart, showing the valve chest, being on the line X['-XI' of Fig. 12,Fig. 12, a vertical section on the line X1'IX[I of Fig. 13, Fig. 13, atransverse section on the line XIII-XIII of Fig. 12, and Fig. 14, inpart an end view and in part a transverse section on the line XIV-XIV ofFig. 11; and Fig. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary plan View of thesuperheater shown in Fig. 5.

Referring in detail to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 3 to 5,the locomotive comprises a high pressure steam generator I at the rearportion thereof, a superheater 2 at the forward end of the generator I,a low pressure steam generator 3 disposed forwardly of the superheater,and an air preheater 4 disposed forwardly of the generator 3,immediately to the rear of a smoke box 5 which is disposed at theforward end of the locomotive in the usual manner.

Low pressure working cylinder and distribution valve chest constructions6 are disposed at the forward end of the locomotive, one at each of theopposite sides thereof, and a high pressure working cylinder anddistribution valve chest construction I is disposed between theconstructions 6. The constructions of, connections between, andoperation of, the aforesaid parts will be hereinafter set forth in theorder given.

The high pressure steam generator I, (see Figs. 3, 5, 9, and is adaptedfor direct heating and is designed to generate steam for use in the highpressure working cylinder of the construction 'I. This generator is ofthe drum and tube type, embodying a fire box 8 at the rear end of thelocomotive and combustion chamber 9 forward of the fire box. Arectangular fire box ring II! is disposed below the fire box.

A pair of longitudinal cylindrical water drums II, is disposed forwardof and in a higher plane than the ring I0, one drum at each of theopposite sides of the combustion chamber, and a pair of spaced,longitudinal cylindrical water drums I2 is disposed between the drums II. The drums II extend from the front end to the rear end of thecombustion chamber. The drums I2 extend from the rear end toapproximately the center of the combustion chamber. A pair oflongitudinal cylindrical drums I3 is disposed at the top of thegenerator I, one drum at each of the opposite sides thereof, and a top,longitudinal, cylindrical drum I4 is disposed centrally between thedrums I3. The drums I3 and I4 extend the full length of the fire box andcombustion chamber.

The drums I3 are connected with the drums I I and the side members ofthe ring III by several series of tubes I5, I6, I61; and I1, arranged inrows at the opposite sides of the generator I (only the drums II beingconnected by the tubes Ifia with the drums I3). The tubes I5 aredowncomers, the tubes I6 and Ilia are vertical risers, and the tubes I!are cross-over risers. A grate I8 is disposed above the ring Illproviding the bottom of the fire box, and the vertical and cross-overriser tubes I6 and I1 define the sides and top of the fire box andcombustion chamber. There are thus two rows of risers at each side ofthe combustion chamber and one row of risers at each side of thefirebox, more particularly one row extending through both the fireboxand combustion chamber and comprising alternately vertical risers I6 andcross-over risers I1 and another row extending only through thecombustion chamber and comprising only the tubes Ilia. The risers I6aare located in the same transverse planes as the risers I6 and hence donot interfere with the cross-over risers H.

The downcomer tubes I5 being disposed at the outside of the fire box andcombustion chamber, are thus in a relatively cool zone for establishinga positive circulation. The tubes I6 and I! being nearer to theinteriors of the firebox and combustion chamber and the tubes Ilia beingnearer to the interior of the combustion chamber, these tubes will besubjected to direct heat for the generation of high pressure steam,which will rise in these tubes to the top drums I3 and pass therefrom,through pipes hereinafter mentioned, to the drum I4.

The fire box is substantially closed at its rear end by a wall of tubesI9. A transverse upper drum 2!] is disposed at this end of the fire box,below the rear ends of the drums I3 and I4, and the tubes I9 areconnected at their upper ends with the drum 20 and at their lower endswith the rear end member of the ring ID. The tubes are bent so as toprovide an opening 2| through the wall near the center thereof to theinterior of the fire box for feeding fuel thereto, a suitable fire doorframe and fire door (not shown) being provided in the usual manner, forclosing the opening 2|. The drum 2|] is connected by tubes 22 with thedrums I3. Some of the tubes I9 are branched as shown in Fig. 10 in orderto fill the space at this end of the generator.

The upper drums I3 and I4 are connected with 'ihe relatively short drumsI2 by rows of vertical tubes 23, these tubes alternately entering thedrums I3 and 54 respectively, and being spaced relatively far from eachother and which, with other tubes hereinafter described, somewhat fillup the rear end of the combustion chamber. As less tubes (requiring tubeopenings) are connected with the drum l4 than with either of the drumsI3, the drum I4 while of a larger diameter than the drums I3 willwithstand an equal amount of pressure without any excessive increase inits 7 iively less amount of water in the drum I4 is permissible.

The upper portions, or steam spaces, of the drums I3 are connected withthe upper portion or steam space of the drum I4 by tubes 24. As

only a relatively few tubes 24 are necessary, the

perforations for these tubes in the drum I4 will not appreciably affectthe strength of this drum.

A transverse, cylindrical drum 25 is disposed at the bottom of theforward end of the combustion chamber. A row of tubes 26 connects thefront end member of the fire box ring II] with the drum 25 and atransverse row of tubes 21 connects the upper drums I3 and I4 with thedrum 25. The combustion chamber is sufliciently long to effect a coolingof the products of combustion passed therethrough to a temperature whichthe ends of the rear units of the superheater, hereinafter described,can withstand without damage.

For convenience of design, if desired, the drum i4 may be shortenedprovided it extends at least throughout the length of the drums I2.Furthermore, the construction may also be modified, if desired, so as toeliminate the connecting tubes between the drums I2 and 25 and the drumI4. This arrangement is expedient in that the drum I4 may then bereserved entirely for steam accumulation and steam may be taken off fromthis drum only, and delivered to the superheater.

It will of course be understood that the fire box ring Ii if desired,may be constructed of cylindrical drums and may be either independentof, as shown, or connected with the drums II. Further, if desired, abrick arch or a brick wall may be disposed between the fire box andcombustion chamber, or may be disposed within the fire box slightly tothe rear of the combustion chamber, if the grates stop short of thefront end member of the fire box ring.

While an approved embodiment of a high pressure steam generator has beendescribed, it will of course be understood that the present invention isnot limited to the use of the particular generator described, but thatany suitable type of high pressure steam generator may be employed.

The superheater 2 comprises a horizontally disposed box-shaped header28, which is divided into two separate sections by a partition indicatedat 29. The rear section 2811. is for high pressure steam and the frontsection 28b is for low pressure steam. An inlet opening 30 is providedin the upper portion of the rear section and is connected with thecentral upper drum M by a pipe-3| for receiving steam from the highpressure steam generator I. 'An outlet opening 32 is provided at a sideof the rear section and is connected by a pipe 81 with the distributionvalve chest of the construction 1, in which pipe 81 a high pressurethrottle valve (not shown) of any suitable well-known design isinterposed, as hereinafter further mentioned. The front section 28b isprovided at its forward end with an inlet opening 33 which is connectedwith a steam dome 34 of the low pressure generator 3 by a dry pipe 35,for receiving low pressure steam. An outlet opening 36 is provided at aside of the front section and is connected by a pipe 92 with theinterior of the steam jacket housing of the construction I, in whichpipe 92 a low pressure throttle valve (not shown) of any suitablewellknown design is interposed, as hereinafter further mentioned.

Attached to the bottoms of both sections of the header is a plurality ofsteam circulation tube units 31. Each of the units 31 includes tubes orreaches having their ends connected with the header and suitable returnbends between their ends. The tube units which are connected at theforward end of the header front section 28b comprise vertical reachesonly, while some of the tube units to the rear thereof, in both thefront and rear header sections, include reaches which are partlyvertical and partly horizontal as indicated at 38, that is, the lastmentioned units are bent rearwardly and extend horizontally into theforward portion of the combustion chamber.

' While the space in the combustion chamber is more or less utilized bysteam generator tubes, limiting the space for superheater horizontalreaches, the space in advance thereof is unrestricted and may be availedof to the fullest extent for the superheater units. Furthermore, as inthe present arrangement there is no association of the superheater unitswith fire tubes, as is common in constructions of the prior art, thereis no restriction as to the arrangement of the units by such fire tubes,and the units are disposed as aforedescribed with their reachesextending vertically and horizontally in the most expedient manner tofill the space forward of the generator I, and the available space inthe combustion chamber of the generator. Thus as many as possible of thetube units which comprise vertical reaches only are provided at thesides of the header 28 (see particularly Fig. 15).

As distinguished from superheaters heretofore used, the header 28 is atleast as wide as the outside of the combustion chamber, that is as wideas the available space forward of the generator I permits, or in otherwords the header is wider than the inside of the combustion chamber orthe space between the risers 16a where thehori'zo'ntal reaches '38extend. This arrangement allows the high pressure superheater section tobe disposed in the hotter zone while the low pressure superheatersection is disposed in the relatively cooler zone, this being desirableas it is more diificult (that is, it requires more heat) to superheathigh pressure steam than to superheat low pressure steam to the samedegree of superheat. However, due to the construction of thesuperheater, in the locomotive of the present invention the low pressuresteam is in fact superheated to a higher total temperature than the highpressure steam and this condition is desirable and made use of as willbe hereinafter explained.

The low pressure steam generator 3 comprises a longitudinal, cylindricaldrum 39, having tube sheets 40 secured at, and enclosing, its forwardand rear ends. The steam dome 34 hereinbefore mentioned, is provided atthe top of the drum 39, an opening 4| being formed in the drum to permitthe passage of steam therefrom into the dome. An opening 42 is formed inthe rear tube sheet 40 for the dry pipe 35 to pass through, the dry pipeextending from the inlet 33 to the steam dome for receiving low pressuresteam therefrom for the low pressure section 2% of the superheater.

A bank of relatively small, spaced, longitudinal steam tubes 43 isdisposed in the central part of the drum 39 and the tubes extendlongitudinally therethrough with their opposite ends passing through andsuitably secured to the respective tube sheets 40. A series of firetubes 44 is disposed around the bank of tubes 43 which tubes also extendlongitudinally through the drum 39 with their opposite ends extendingthrough and suitably secured to the respective tube sheets 40.

A head 45 is secured at the outside of the rear tube sheet 40 andprovides therewith a chamber 46 into which the rear ends of the tubes 43open. A head 41 is disposed at the outside of the front tube sheet 40and provides therewith a chamber 48 into which the forward ends of thetubes 43 open. The heads 45 and 4'! are of substantially fiat, dishshape and are provided each with an outwardly extending peripheralflange 49, which is secured by studs 49a, to the face of its respectiveadjacent tube sheet. A soft metal gasket (not shown) is provided betweeneach flange 49 and its adjacent tube sheet to provide the required steamtightness therebetween. Any other suitable jointure, however, may ofcourse be provided. In addition to the studs, a plurality oflongitudinal tie rods 50 is provided. The tie rods extend through tubes5|, which are disposed in spaced relation, among the tubes 43 and aresimilarly secured to the opposite tube sheets, but are of slightlylarger diameter than the tubes 43 for the purpose of providing a spacearound the rod passed therethrough. The tie rods extend through theheads 45 and 41 at their opposite ends, and nuts 52 are provided attheir extremities. The heads are pressed against the tube sheets anddrawn towards each other under the desired amount of pressure bytightening of the nuts 52. In the embodiment illustrated, the heads 45and 41 and the bank of tubes 43 and 5| are spaced concentricallyrelative to the drum but it will, of course, be understood that theseheads and bank of tubes may be eccentrically disposed, depending uponthe requirements of the design.

A baflle plate 53 is disposed at the rear end of the steam generator 3and covers the rear head 45. The plate 53 is of conical shape, pointingrearwardly', and acts to direct the products of combustion, from thecombustion chamber into the fire tubes M. A similar bafiie plate 54 isprovided at the forward end of the generator 3.

: The plate 54 is of conical shape similar to the plate 53, and coversthe front head 41 and points forwardly, acting to direct the products ofcombustion at this end of the generator. The baffle plates protect theheads and the ends of the tie rods 5% and the nuts 52 from the productsof combustion. In passing through the fire tubes 66, the products ofcombustion give up heat to generate steam in the drum 39. Low pressuresteam accumulates in the dome 34 in the same manner as in an ordinarysteam locomotive and is withdrawn therefrom through the dry pipe 35 asaforedescribed.

A pipe 55 is provided at the forward end of the steam generator 3 andextends through the baffle 54 and through the head 4'! opening into thechamber 58. The pipe 55 extends forwardly (see Fig. 1) and is connectedwith the exhaust port of the high pressure steam working cylinder andvalve chest construction i as hereinafter further described. A pipe 56is disposed at the rear of the generator 3 and extends at its forwardend through the baffle 53 and the head 45, opening into the chamber 36and extends rearwardly. The rear end of the pipe 56 is connected to thering It of the high pressure steam generator i.

A suitable pump indicated at 51 is interposed in the pipe 55 for forcingthe fluid back into the high pressure steam generator i. A steamoperated motor indicated at 58 of a suitable well known type, isdisposed adjacent the pump 5'! for operating the same. Operating steamfor the pump motor 58 is supplied from the high pressure generator drumi i, a pipe 59 connecting the motor 58 with the pipe 3| which leads fromdrum i i. A pipe fill connects the exhaust port of the motor 58 with thepipe 55 so that the steam exhausted from the motor will be delivered tothe chamber 88 together with the exhaust steam from the high pressureworking cylinder construction, and thus kept in a closed circuit,hereinafter further mentioned.

The exhaust steam from the high pressure working cylinder construction,as hereinafter further described, enters the chamber d8 from the pipe 55and passes rearwardly through the tubes t3 and 5! to the chamber 45. Inso passing through the generator 3 the exhaust steam gives up heat toheat the water and generate steam within the drum 39, in supplement oraddition to the products of combustion, as aforedescribed, passingthrough the tubes 44. In this operation, the exhaust steam from theconstruction I, will be substantially condensed and it will thereupon bepumped, by the pump 57, through the pipe 55, connected to the ring 10back to the high pressure steam generator.

It will thus be apparent that the means for generating and utilizing thehigh pressure steam comprises a closed circuit, so that the same wateris used continuously and it is only necessary to supply a relativelysmall amount of make up water to compensate for unavoidable losses dueto leakage, etc. Hence, a distilled water may be used in this circuitand a minimum amount of scale will be present in the high pressuregenerator. A tank of such water (not shown) is carried by thelocomotive. It will of course be understood that instead of this tank acondenser for exhaust low pressure steam may be employed,

and the generator fed therefrom in any desired or well known manner.

A cylindrical drum 6i is disposed forwardly of the drum 39 and suitablysecured thereto by welding, or other means, such as rivets. The rear endof the drum at the lower portion is shaped to form an upwardly extendingthroat, as indicated at 52, so that the bottom of the drum will besufficiently high to extend over the cylinder saddle of the workingcylinder and valve chest constructions 6 and I, which saddle is ofconventional construction and design.

The air preheater t constitutes the rear portion of the drum M. Aconical tube sheet 63, forming the rear Wall of the preheater, issecured, by welding, to the drum 6| near its rear end, spaced forwardlyfrom the baffle 5 and pointing forwardly. A tube sheet 64, forming thefront end of the preheater, is spaced forwardly of the tube sheet t3 andsuitably secured by welding to the drum iii. The tube sheets are. madeof thin steel plate, and may be riveted to the drum, if desired, orsecured in any other suitable manner. A series of fire tubes 55 isdisposed within the preheater it which tubes extend'longitudinallybetween the tube sheets 63 and 64. The opposite ends of the tubes 65extend through and are suitably secured in the respective tube sheets.As

there is no pressure within the air preheater, the tubes may be simplywelded in and need not be rolled.

' Products of combustion from the fire tubes of the generator 3 passthrough the tubes 65 of the preheater into the forward end of the drum65 which constitutes the smoke box 5.

An inlet opening 65 (see Fig. 8) for the air preheater is provided inthe side of the cylinder 6! at the inner side of the tube sheet 54, andan outwardly and forwardly extending bafiie 61 is secured at the rearside of the opening 68 for directing a current of air into the airpreheater.

Other suitable inlet openings provided withv baffles, which may becontrollable if desired, in accordancewith'the direction of travel ofthe locomotive, may be provided for the air preheater as provesexpedient. An outlet opening 68 is pro vided for the air preheater inthe side of the cylinder 6!, opposite to the inlet opening side thereofat the inner side of the tube sheet 63. A duct 59 connects the outletopening 68 with the ash pan 8a of the high pressure generator i forsupplying preheated air to the fire box. A plurality of baffle plates H3is disposed within the air preheater. The baffle plates extendvertically and are each secured to the cylinder 5! at the top and bottomthereof and to one or the other of the tube sheets, extending away fromthe respective tube sheet and leaving a space between its free edge andthe opposite tube sheet. In the embodiment illustrated only two baffleplates are provided, one extending from one tube sheet and one from theother, but it will, of course, be understood that as many may beemployed as found desirable. By means of these bafiie plates, airpassing from the inlet opening 65 to the outlet opening 68 is forced totake a circuitous path through the air preheater as indicated by thearrows in Fig. 8 being thus subjected to the heat of the tubes 65 for alonger period of time than if passed directly through the preheater. Themovement of the locomotive will 'eifect a current of air through the airpreheater.

It will be understood that while in the embodiment illustrated the airpreheater is designed so that the products of combustion pass throughtubes and the air passes around the tubes, the .preheatermay be sodesigned that the air will pass through tubes while the products ofcombustion are passed therearound.

Referring. now to the working cylinder and valve chest constructions ofthe locomotive, it will be noted that it requires more heat to superheathigh pressure steam than low pressure steam for a given number ofdegrees of superheat. Further, due to limitations which are placed uponthe total steam temperature that can be maintained in a locomotiveboiler (which limitations are dependent upon the strength of materialsemployed), the maximum permissible temperatureof superheating of thehigh pressure steam must necessarily be lower than that of the lowpressure steam. It therefore is of particular importance to protect thesuperheated high pressure steam from cooling if a maximum efficiency isto be obtained. This invention utilizes the uniflow principle for thehigh pressure working cylinder, and thecooling and condensation of thesteam therein during its use is thereby substantially reduced.

In ordinary three cylinder locomotives embodying the uniflow principlehigh pressure cylinder, wide heavy pistons are employed therein,resulting in an increase of the weights of reciprocating parts andthereby impairing the counterbalancing of the locomotive. In the 10-comotive of this invention the high pressure cylinder is smaller thanthe usual high pressure cylinder of this type and is suiiiciently smallso that the Weight of its reciprocating parts is not greater than thatof the low pressure cylinder. This permits as good balancing of theseveral reciprocating parts of the high and low pressure cylinders as inany conventional locomotive.

This invention besides utilizing the uniflow principle for the highpressure cylinder protects the high pressure steam from cooling byjacketing the working cylinder with low pressure highly superheatedsteam and thereby allows a high pressure steam working cylinder to beutilized without undue cooling. While steam jackets have been found tobe desirable in uniflow stationary engines, it has been found.impractical heretofore to apply such constructions to locomotives forthe reason that the steam of the jackets would radiate heat to theoutside and would act to cool the steam in the cylinders, as it wasordinarily of the same initial temperature as the steam of the jacket.In locomotives of the present invention, however, two kinds of steam areemployed, of different pressures and temperatures, one a low pressuresteam and one a high pressure steam, and the locomotive is constructedso that the low pressure steam has a higher superheat than the highpressure steam. The low pressure steam, of higher superheat, is utilizedfor the jacket of the high pressure steam cylinder, thus protecting thesteam of this cylinder from cooling. The loss which may be incurred fromradiation of low pressure steam of the jacket is more than oiTset by thesaving of heat in the high pressure steam and the better utilization ofthat heat.

The high pressure cylinder and valve chest construction 1 comprises anintegral casting (see Figs. 4 and 11 to 14). The construction is of thewell-known modified unifiow or continuous current type where steam isexhausted both through a middle port in the working cylinder and throughinlet exhaust ports at the ends thereof controlled by the distributionvalve as will appear from the following description. The distributionvalve pistons hereinafter more particularly described, are of theconventional type adapted for operation in connection with the uniflowhigh pressure cylinder type.

For convenience of diagrammatical illustration Fig. 4 indicates thecylinders, valve chests and cylinder saddle formed as a single casting.This form of construction may be resorted to if desired. In theexemplification of the invention in its present preferred form howeverthe high pressure cylinder, valve chest and various associated featuresare actually formed as a separate casting, as clearly shown in Figs. 11to 14.

The casting H includes a working cylinder 12, a valve chest, 73; a rearhead 14 for the cylinder I2, and a jacket housing indicated generally bythe numeral 15 which surrounds the cylinder 12, the valve chest 13 andthe head 14 providing enclosed chambers therearound through which lowpressure steam is circulated to provide a heating jacket, as hereinaftermore fully described. A detachable front head 16 is provided for theworking cylinder and suitably secured thereto by studs (not shown). Thehead 16 is formed as an integral casting and provided with a jackethousing 11.

The construction 7 is supported by the locomotive cylinder saddle in theconventional manner and is disposed centrally between the constructions6. The working cylinder 12 is disposed at an angle to the valve chest I3which is horizontal. Both the working cylinder 12 and the valve chest 13are provided with suitable bushings 18 and '19 respectively for theirpistons.

A piston 8!] is disposed in the working cylinder and is provided with apiston rod 8|, which is connected through crosshead, drive rod, andcrank axle structure of conventional design with the second pairofdriving wheels of the locomotive as indicated at 82 in Fig. 1.

A pair of piston valves 83 connected to a Valve stem 84 is provided forthe valve-chest 73, and the valves are adapted to reciprocate within thebushings 19. The valve stem 84 is connected with, and controlled by,valve gear mechanism of conventional design, indicated at 85 in Fig. 1.

The valve chest 13 is provided with an inlet passage 86 formed as a partof the casting H and around which a part of the jacket housing 75extends. The passage 86 is connected by the pipe 81 having the highpressure throttle valve (not shown) interposed therein, as hereinbeforementioned, with outlet opening 32 of the high pressure steam section 23aof the superheater 2 for receiving steam therefrom for the operation ofthe high pressure cylinder. An exhaust port 88 is provided centrally inthe cylinder 12, a corresponding port being, of course, formed in thebushing 18. Exhaust passages 89 connect the ends of the valve chest 13with a main exhaust passage 90 which also is connected with the exhaustport 88. The passages 89 and 90 are formed as an integral part of thecasting H. The passage 90 is connected to the pipe 55, hereinbeforereferred to, which is in turn connected with the low pressure steamgenerator 3 as aforedescribed.

A low pressure steam inlet passage 9! is provided in the casting H. Thepipe 92 having the low pressure throttle valve (not shown) interposedtherein, as hereinbefore mentioned, connects the passage 9| with theoutlet opening 36 of the front or low pressure section 28b of thesuperheater for receiving low pressure superheated steam therefrom. Thepassage 9| communicates with the interior of the jacket housing 15 andis formed as an integral part of the casting H. An outlet low pressuresteam branched passage 93 is provided as an integral part of the castingH, and also communicates with the interior of the jacket housing 75. Apipe 84 and branch pipes 95 (see Fig. l), connect the passage 93 withthe distribution valve chests of the constructions 6 for supplying lowpressure steamthereto. a

An inlet pipe 96 connects the passage E i with the interior of thehousing ll of the cylinder head it and an outlet pipe 91 connects theinterior of the housing W with the passage 93.

The low pressure steam from the front section 281)' of the superheateris thus directed to the jacket housings l5 and H of the construction Iby the pipe 82, is then circulated through the housings, so as toprovide a steam jacket around the cylinder l2, its heads 14 and i6 andthe distribution valve chest 13, and the steam is then passed throughthe passage 93 and pipes 94 and as to the distribution valve chests'ofthe constructions 6 and thereupon utilized for operating the lowpressure working cylinders.

The low pressure working cylinders and their valve chests of theconstructions 5, are of usual, conventional counterfiow design and areprovided with pistons and piston rods which are connected and operatedin the usual manner. The low pressure steam is exhausted from the valvechests of the constructions 5 through exhaust passageways 98 whichleadto the smoke box 5, and is thereupon exhausted through the stack 99 inthe usual manner.

As indicated in Fig. 1, the pistons of the low pressure cylinders areconnected through crosshead, drive rod and crank pin structure ofconventional design, with the third pair of driving wheels, connectingrods between the driving wheels being provided in the usual manner, andthe valve stems of the distribution valves are connected to and operatedby the valve gear mechanism hereinbefore referred to which also controlsthe high pressure distribution valve as aforesaid.

In Fig. 2 there is illustrated a modified embodiment of the invention ina locomotive, wherein constructions 6a and la similar to theconstructions 6 and l are employed in relative positions different fromthose of the first described embodiment. The construction Ea is disposedbetween the second pair of driving wheels, and the piston of the workingcylinder of this construction is operably connected to the fourth orrearmost pair of driving wheels by crosshead, drive rod and crank axlestructure indicated at 82a, all of which are arranged in properpositions, to the rear of the construction la and carried by'thelocomotive frame in conventional manner. Valve gear mechanism 850.similar to the mechanism 85 is employed, modified accordingly toproperly control'the distribution valves of the constructions to and la.By this arrangement the high pressure superheated steam supply pipe 81aand the low pressure superheated steam supply pipe 52a are substantiallyshortened, so that, as the steam has less distance to travel from thesuperheater before being used, it will be subjected to less cooling. Thepipe 55a leading from the exhaust passage of the construction la to thelow pressure steam generator 3a is accordingly of modified construction,extending forwardly and upwardly.

The steam jacket housing of the high pressure cylinder is connected tothe low pressure distribution valve chest by piping in a manner similarto the construction shown in Fig. 1, one of the branch pipes beingindicated at a. While this piping must be lengthened, in thisarrangement it is more than compensated for by the shortening of theother pipes. The parts of the locomotive are all of substantially thesame construction for the modified embodiment as those aforedescribedfor the first embodiment and theoperation of the two embodiments is alsothe same,

the only difference being in the change of location and minor structuralmodifications aforedescribed. H

The auxiliaries of the locomotive may be operated by either low pressuresteam or high pressure steam as described with reference to the' pumpmotor 58. The low pressure steam generator is fed from a suitable sourceof feed water in conventional manner (not shown).

The operation of the locomotive being apparent from the foregoingdescription, it will be realized that the invention presents alocomotive characterized by efficiency and economy of operation andrelative simplicity of construction and arrangement of parts and bywhich the objects The invention claimed and desired to be secured byLetters Patent is:

1. A locomotive comprising a high pressure steam generator; a lowpressure steam generato-r; a high pressure steam working cylinder; a

low pressure steam working cylinder; means for transmitting highpressure steam from said high pressure steam generator to said highpressure cylinder for operating said high pressure cylinder; means fortransmitting low pressure steam 7 from said low pressure steam generatorto said high pressure cylinder and utilizing said low pressure steam forheating said high pressure cylinder; and means for transmitting said lowpressure steam from said high pressure cylinder,

after its said utilization, to said low pressure cylinder for operatingsaid low pressure cylinder.

2. A power plant comprising a high pressure working cylinder; a jacketfor said high pressure working cylinder; 2. lower pressure workingcylinder; means for supplying high pressure live steam to said highpressure working cylinder for operating same; means for supplying lowpressure live steam to said jacket, said low pressure steam supplyingmeansincluding a superheater, disposed between said jacket and said lowpressure steam supplying means, for raising the temperature of said lowpressure live steam, being conveyed to said jacket, to a temperaturesufficiently higher than the temperature of said high pressure livesteam so that said steam in said jacket will be of a temperature higherthan hat of sa d steam entering said high pressure cylinder; and meansfor supplying said low pressure working cylinder with steam from saidjacket. I

ALPHONSE I. LIPETZ.

